Persistence of Vision Raytracer(Povray)は、高品質で完全にフリーな素晴らしい 3D グラフィックツールです。
レイトレーシングはレンダリング技術の一つで、現実の世界で光線がやってくる 過程をシミュレートし、その場面の画像を計算します。しかしこの処理は現実とは逆 方向に行うことになります。現実世界では光線は光源から放たれ、対象を照らします。 光は対象で反射するか、光を通す対象に対しては透過していきます。この反射した光 を眼やカメラのレンズが捕らえます。光線の大部分は観察者には届きませんので、 観察者は場面をトレースするのに時間がかかります。
この種のアプリケーションは pvmpovray を使えば簡単に並列処理ができます。 pvmpovray は Beowulf タイプのクラスタ上で動作することを前提にしており、pvm を使って負荷を他のノードに割り振ります。 openMosix は同じ方法でこれを行いますが、たった 1 台のマシンで実行し、 openMosix が負荷分散を行ってくれます。
A GREAT Howto on PVM Povray を読めば pvmpovray の設定 方法がわかります。 下記がちょっとした要約です。
$ cd pvmpov3_1g_2 $ tar xfz ../povuni_s.tgz $ tar xfz ../povuni_d.tgz $ ./inst-pvm Trying to apply the patch. Searching for rejected files $ |
RH 8.0 を使っているなら、libpng と zlib は .notused のような場所に移動した方 が良いでしょう。 libpng と zlib のバージョンが異なることで生じるバージョン問題を避けるためです。
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/share/pvm3/lib export PVMROOt=/usr/share/pvm3 |
最後に pvm の初心者ユーザが知らないことを。pvm は独自のパスを使うので、pvmpov をパスに含めるか絶対パスを使って起動してください。
[root@dhcp71 povray31]# /usr/local/bin/pvmpov -L
/usr/src/povray/pvmpov3_1g_2/povray31/include/ +Iskyvase.pov
+Oskyvase.tga +NT16 +NW64 +NH64 +v +w1024 +h768
Persistence of Vision(tm) Ray Tracer Version 3.1g.Linux.gcc
This is an unofficial version compiled by:
Jakob Flierl - PVMPOV Version 3.1g.2
The POV-Ray Team(tm) is not responsible for supporting this version.
Copyright 1999 POV-Ray Team(tm)
Never found section in file
/usr/src/povray/pvmpov3_1g_2/povray31/include/.
Initializing PVMPOV
Spawning /usr/local/bin/pvmpov with 16 PVM tasks on 1 hosts...
...16 PVM tasks successfully spawned.
Waiting up to 120s for first slave to start...
Slave 0 successfully started.
Parsing Options
Input file: skyvase.pov (compatible to version 3.1)
Remove bounds........On Split unions........Off
Library paths: /usr/local/lib/povray31 /usr/local/lib/povray31/include
Output Options
Image resolution 1024 by 768 (rows 1 to 768, columns 1 to 1024).
Output file: skyvase.tga, 24 bpp PNG
Graphic display.....Off
Mosaic preview......Off
CPU usage histogram.Off
Continued trace.....Off Allow interruption...On Pause when
done.....Off
Verbose messages.....On
Tracing Options
Quality: 9
Bounding boxes.......On Bounding threshold: 25
Light Buffer.........On Vista Buffer.........On
Antialiasing........Off
Radiosity...........Off
Animation Options
Clock value.... 0.000 (Animation off)
PVM Options
Block Width.... 64 Block Height... 64
PVM Tasks...... 16
PVM Nice....... 5
PVM Arch.......
PVM Slave...... /usr/local/bin/pvmpov
PVM WorkingDir. /usr/src/povray/pvmpov3_1g_2/povray31
Redirecting Options
All Streams to console..........On
Debug Stream to console.........On
Fatal Stream to console.........On
Render Stream to console........On
Statistics Stream to console....On
Warning Stream to console.......On
Starting frame 0...
Slave 1 at dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com successfully started.
Slave 2 at dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com successfully started.
Slave 3 at dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com successfully started.
Slave 4 at dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com successfully started.
Slave 5 at dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com successfully started.
Slave 6 at dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com successfully started.
Slave 7 at dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com successfully started.
Slave 8 at dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com successfully started.
Slave 9 at dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com successfully started.
Slave 10 at dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com successfully started.
Slave 11 at dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com successfully started.
Slave 12 at dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com successfully started.
Slave 13 at dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com successfully started.
Slave 14 at dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com successfully started.
Slave 15 at dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com successfully started.
0:00:53 86.46 of blocks complete.Not using dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com
for reassignment (77%)
0:00:53 86.98 of blocks complete.Not using dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com
for reassignment (67%)
Not using dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com for reassignment (86%)
Not using dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com for reassignment (85%)
0:00:55 89.06 of blocks complete. 640 of 768 lines finished (in frame
0).Not using dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com for reassignment (65%)
0:00:56 91.67 of blocks complete.Not using dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com
for reassignment (72%)
0:00:56 92.71 of blocks complete.Not using dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com
for reassignment (80%)
0:00:57 93.75 of blocks complete.
Slave at dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com has exited.
0:00:57 94.79 of blocks complete.
Slave at dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com has exited.
Slave at dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com has exited.
0:00:58 95.83 of blocks complete.
Slave at dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com has exited.
0:00:58 96.35 of blocks complete. 672 of 768 lines finished (in frame
0).Not using dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com for reassignment (77%)
Slave at dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com has exited.
0:00:58 97.14 of blocks complete. 688 of 768 lines finished (in frame
0).
Slave at dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com has exited.
0:00:59 97.92 of blocks complete.
Slave at dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com has exited.
0:00:60 98.44 of blocks complete. 704 of 768 lines finished (in frame
0).
Slave at dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com has exited.
0:01:03 100.00 of blocks complete. 768 of 768 lines finished (in
frame 0).
Finishing frame 0...rtw. 768
Waiting for remaining slave stats.
PVM Task Distribution Statistics:
host name [ done ] [ late ] host name [ done ] [
late ]
dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com [ 5.21%] [
0.00%]dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com [ 7.81%] [ 0.07%]
dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com [ 8.85%] [
1.17%]dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com [ 4.69%] [ 0.00%]
dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com [ 8.85%] [
0.98%]dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com [ 4.17%] [ 0.00%]
dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com [ 5.21%] [
0.00%]dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com [ 8.33%] [ 0.52%]
dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com [ 5.21%] [
0.00%]dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com [ 5.73%] [ 0.72%]
dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com [ 7.29%] [
2.73%]dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com [ 4.17%] [ 0.00%]
dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com [ 5.21%] [
0.00%]dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com [ 6.77%] [ 0.13%]
dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com [ 4.69%] [
0.00%]dhcp71.office.be.stone-it.com [ 7.81%] [ 0.00%]
POV-Ray statistics for finished frames:
skyvase.pov Statistics (Partial Image Rendered), Resolution 1024 x 768
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pixels: 303104 Samples: 303104 Smpls/Pxl: 1.00
Rays: 1192710 Saved: 0 Max Level: 0/5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ray->Shape Intersection Tests Succeeded Percentage
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cone/Cylinder 1842227 900504 48.88
CSG Intersection 2742731 323346 11.79
CSG Union 1801008 521692 28.97
Plane 20223278 11233348 55.55
Quadric 1801008 1196533 66.44
Sphere 1801008 461786 25.64
Bounding Object 1842227 900504 48.88
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Calls to Noise: 1201944 Calls to DNoise: 2108954
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Shadow Ray Tests: 2856188 Succeeded: 85620
Reflected Rays: 889606
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Smallest Alloc: 9 bytes Largest: 20508
Peak memory used: 5643343 bytes
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Time For Trace: 0 hours 1 minutes 7.0 seconds (67 seconds)
Total Time: 0 hours 1 minutes 7.0 seconds (67 seconds) |
利用できる CPU 数の 2、3 倍の効果という素晴らしい結果になりました。